Marks in Python

A mark describes data geometry inside a chart. Factories such as line(), scatter(), and histogram() return lightweight Mark objects; the chart container resolves their data and compiles them into one figure.

Bind Arrays or Columns

Pass arrays directly for small, local examples:

For table-shaped data, pass column names and provide data= on the mark or once on the chart:

A mark-level data source overrides the chart-level source. Column-name resolution works with pandas, NumPy-compatible mappings, and Arrow-backed tables described in Data and columns. XY validates missing columns and incompatible channel lengths when the chart is built.

Choose a Mark Family

Geometry	Factories
Trends and ranges	`line`, `area`, `step`, `stairs`
Points	`scatter`
Categories	`bar`, `column`
Distributions	`histogram`/`hist`, `ecdf`, `box`, `violin`
Density and grids	`hexbin`, `heatmap`, `contour`
Uncertainty	`errorbar`, `error_band`
Explicit geometry	`stem`, `segments`, `triangle_mesh`

The Chart Gallery explains expected data shapes and family-specific choices.

Layer Marks in Declaration Order

Families mix freely inside one neutral xy.chart(...); children draw in declaration order, so the bars below come first and the trend line paints over them:

Shared Mark Behavior

name= gives a rendered series its legend label.
x_axis= and y_axis= bind a mark to primary or named axes.
Data-driven color and size channels are available where the mark supports them. Their domains and palettes remain mark configuration, not colorbar configuration.
style= is compiled for WebGL, SVG, and native raster output. Supported CSS declarations depend on the mark kind and invalid declarations fail early.
Children draw in declaration order, so broad fills normally come before lines and points.
key= supplies stable row identity for keyed browser data transitions, and mark-level animation= overrides or disables the chart's xy.animation() policy. See Animations and data transitions.

Canvas and WebGL marks are not DOM elements. CSS selectors and Tailwind classes cannot paint their geometry; use style= or the mark's paint props. In particular, class_name= is adapter-only trace metadata, not a mark-painting hook in the shipped browser, Reflex, SVG, or native renderers. See Customize Each Part for the compiled CSS subset.

This example drives one scatter's color= and size= from a data column-like array (with colormap= and size_range= as mark configuration) while a second mark uses plain paint options — name=, color=, dash=, and opacity=:

Compose a Multi-Mark Figure

Everything above composes: an uncertainty band drawn with area(..., base=) goes first, the line and points layer over it, and a scatter of conversion rates binds to a named right-hand axis:

Representation Does Not Change the Mark

Large marks can be transported as decimated lines or density summaries. That changes the screen representation, not the declarative mark or the canonical Python columns. Exact row callbacks require a live notebook or framework transport; a standalone export can only inspect its resident representation.

See Large data and performance for the tiering contract and Marks and components reference for signatures and defaults.

API Reference

xy.line

A line series with automatic M4 decimation for large inputs.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	X values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Y values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Line color.
`width`	`float`	Line width in pixels.
`opacity`	`float`	Line opacity from zero to one.
`curve`	`str`	Interpolation mode, such as ``linear`` or ``smooth``.
`dash`	`Union[str, Sequence[float], None]`	Optional line dash pattern.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`key`	`Any`	Stable row identities, or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`animation`	`Animation \| bool \| None`	Per-mark animation override; ``False`` disables animation.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.scatter

A scatter series with optional color, size, and density encodings.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	X values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Y values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`color`	`Union[str, ColorLike, ArrayLike, None]`	Constant color, values, or a column name.
`size`	`Union[str, Scalar, ArrayLike, None]`	Constant marker size, values, or a column name.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`colormap`	`str`	Colormap used for continuous color values.
`color_domain`	`Optional[tuple[float, float]]`	Explicit minimum and maximum for continuous colors.
`size_range`	`tuple[float, float]`	Minimum and maximum rendered marker sizes.
`opacity`	`Any`	Marker opacity from zero to one.
`zoom_size_factor`	`float`	Marker-size multiplier reached on deep zoom.
`zoom_opacity`	`Optional[float]`	Optional marker opacity reached on deep zoom.
`zoom_emphasis`	`float`	Zoom factor at which responsive targets are reached.
`density`	`Optional[bool]`	Whether to force or disable density aggregation.
`symbol`	`Any`	Marker symbol name.
`stroke`	`Any`	Optional marker outline color.
`stroke_width`	`Any`	Marker outline width in pixels.
`_artist_alpha`	`Any`	Internal Matplotlib alpha override, scalar or per marker.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`key`	`Any`	Stable row identities, or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`animation`	`Animation \| bool \| None`	Per-mark animation override; ``False`` disables animation.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.area

A filled area series between ``y`` and ``base``.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	X values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Y values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`base`	`Union[str, Scalar, ArrayLike]`	Baseline value, values, or a column name.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Area fill color.
`opacity`	`float`	Fill opacity from zero to one.
`line_color`	`Optional[str]`	Outline color.
`line_width`	`float`	Outline width in pixels.
`line_opacity`	`float`	Outline opacity from zero to one.
`stroke_perimeter`	`bool`	Whether to stroke the complete area perimeter.
`fill`	`Union[str, dict[str, str], None]`	CSS fill value or linear gradient.
`curve`	`str`	Interpolation mode, such as ``linear`` or ``smooth``.
`dash`	`Union[str, Sequence[float], None]`	Optional outline dash pattern.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`key`	`Any`	Stable row identities, or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`animation`	`Animation \| bool \| None`	Per-mark animation override; ``False`` disables animation.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.bar

A bar series supporting grouped, stacked, and normalized modes.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Category positions or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Bar values, series matrix, or a column name.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Any`	Constant color, values, or a column name.
`colors`	`Optional[list[str]]`	Colors assigned to multiple series.
`width`	`float`	Bar width in category units.
`base`	`Union[str, Scalar, ArrayLike]`	Baseline value, values, or a column name.
`mode`	`str`	``grouped``, ``stacked``, or ``normalized`` layout.
`orientation`	`str`	``vertical`` or ``horizontal`` orientation.
`series`	`Optional[list[str]]`	Optional names for matrix-valued series.
`opacity`	`Any`	Bar opacity from zero to one.
`corner_radius`	`Any`	Bar corner radius in pixels.
`stroke`	`Any`	Optional bar outline color.
`stroke_width`	`Any`	Bar outline width in pixels.
`_artist_alpha`	`Any`	Internal Matplotlib alpha override, scalar or per bar.
`fill`	`Union[str, dict[str, str], None]`	CSS fill value or linear gradient.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`key`	`Any`	Stable row identities, or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`animation`	`Animation \| bool \| None`	Per-mark animation override; ``False`` disables animation.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.column

Create a vertical column series using the shared bar renderer.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Category positions or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Column values, series matrix, or a column name.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Union[str, Sequence[str], None]`	Constant color, values, or a column name.
`colors`	`Optional[list[str]]`	Colors assigned to multiple series.
`width`	`float`	Column width in category units.
`base`	`Union[str, Scalar, ArrayLike]`	Baseline value, values, or a column name.
`mode`	`str`	``grouped``, ``stacked``, or ``normalized`` layout.
`orientation`	`str`	Orientation forwarded to the bar renderer.
`series`	`Optional[list[str]]`	Optional names for matrix-valued series.
`opacity`	`float`	Column opacity from zero to one.
`corner_radius`	`Union[float, tuple[float, float]]`	Column corner radius in pixels.
`stroke`	`Optional[str]`	Optional column outline color.
`stroke_width`	`float`	Column outline width in pixels.
`fill`	`Union[str, dict[str, str], None]`	CSS fill value or linear gradient.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`key`	`Any`	Stable row identities, or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`animation`	`Animation \| bool \| None`	Per-mark animation override; ``False`` disables animation.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.histogram

A one-dimensional histogram.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`values`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Sample values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`bins`	`Union[int, str, ArrayLike]`	Bin count, edges, or automatic binning strategy.
`range`	`Optional[tuple[float, float]]`	Explicit minimum and maximum input values.
`density`	`bool`	Whether to normalize bin areas to one.
`cumulative`	`bool`	Whether bins contain cumulative counts.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Any`	Bar color.
`opacity`	`Any`	Bar opacity from zero to one.
`corner_radius`	`Any`	Bar corner radius in pixels.
`stroke`	`Any`	Optional bar outline color.
`stroke_width`	`Any`	Bar outline width in pixels.
`_artist_alpha`	`Any`	Internal Matplotlib alpha override, scalar or per bin.
`fill`	`Union[str, dict[str, str], None]`	CSS fill value or linear gradient.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.box

Grouped Tukey box plots from 1-D or column-oriented 2-D values.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`values`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Sample values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional group positions or a column name.
`group`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional grouping values or a column name.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Box color.
`width`	`float`	Box width in category units.
`opacity`	`float`	Box opacity from zero to one.
`orientation`	`str`	``vertical`` or ``horizontal`` orientation.
`show_outliers`	`bool`	Whether to render outlier points.
`outlier_size`	`float`	Outlier marker size in pixels.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.violin

Grouped bounded-resolution violin distributions.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`values`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Sample values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional group positions or a column name.
`group`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional grouping values or a column name.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Violin color.
`width`	`float`	Violin width in category units.
`bins`	`int`	Density resolution.
`opacity`	`float`	Violin opacity from zero to one.
`orientation`	`str`	``vertical`` or ``horizontal`` orientation.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.ecdf

An empirical cumulative distribution function.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`values`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Sample values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`bins`	`Optional[int]`	Optional bounded number of evaluation bins.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Line color.
`width`	`float`	Line width in pixels.
`opacity`	`float`	Line opacity from zero to one.
`dash`	`Union[str, Sequence[float], None]`	Optional line dash pattern.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.heatmap

A rectangular heatmap from a two-dimensional matrix.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`z`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Two-dimensional values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional x coordinates or a column name.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional y coordinates or a column name.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`colormap`	`str`	Colormap used for cell values.
`domain`	`Optional[tuple[float, float]]`	Explicit minimum and maximum for the color scale.
`opacity`	`float`	Cell opacity from zero to one.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.hexbin

A native-kernel binned hexagonal density plot.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	X values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Y values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`gridsize`	`int \| tuple[int, int]`	Horizontal and optional vertical bin counts.
`range`	`Optional[tuple[tuple[float, float], tuple[float, float]]]`	Explicit x and y input ranges.
`bins`	`str`	Bin normalization mode.
`C`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional values aggregated within each hexagon.
`reduce_C_function`	`Callable[[np.ndarray], Scalar]`	Reduction applied to values in each hexagon.
`mincnt`	`Optional[int]`	Minimum observations required to render a hexagon.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`colormap`	`str`	Colormap used for bin values.
`opacity`	`float`	Hexagon opacity from zero to one.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.contour

Regular-grid isolines, optionally with a filled density surface.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`z`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Two-dimensional scalar grid or a column name.
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional x coordinates or a column name.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Optional y coordinates or a column name.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`levels`	`Union[int, ArrayLike]`	Number or explicit values of contour levels.
`filled`	`bool`	Whether to fill intervals between contours.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`colormap`	`str`	Colormap used for contour values.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Constant isoline color.
`width`	`float`	Isoline width in pixels.
`opacity`	`float`	Contour opacity from zero to one.
`dash_negative`	`bool`	Whether negative isolines use a dashed stroke.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.errorbar

Vertical and/or horizontal uncertainty bars.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	X values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Y values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`yerr`	`Union[str, Scalar, ArrayLike, None]`	Symmetric or asymmetric vertical error values.
`xerr`	`Union[str, Scalar, ArrayLike, None]`	Symmetric or asymmetric horizontal error values.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Error-bar color.
`width`	`float`	Stroke width in pixels.
`cap_size`	`Optional[float]`	Optional cap length in pixels.
`opacity`	`float`	Stroke opacity from zero to one.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`key`	`Any`	Stable row identities, or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`animation`	`Animation \| bool \| None`	Per-mark animation override; ``False`` disables animation.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.error_band

A confidence or error band between lower and upper series.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	X values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`lower`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Lower-bound values or a column name.
`upper`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Upper-bound values or a column name.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Band color.
`opacity`	`float`	Band opacity from zero to one.
`line_width`	`float`	Boundary-line width in pixels.
`line_opacity`	`float`	Boundary-line opacity from zero to one.
`fill`	`Union[str, dict[str, str], None]`	CSS fill value or linear gradient.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`key`	`Any`	Stable row identities, or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`animation`	`Animation \| bool \| None`	Per-mark animation override; ``False`` disables animation.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.step

A stepped line series.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	X values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Y values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`where`	`str`	Position of each step transition.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Line color.
`width`	`float`	Line width in pixels.
`opacity`	`float`	Line opacity from zero to one.
`dash`	`Union[str, Sequence[float], None]`	Optional line dash pattern.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.stairs

A precomputed stairs series from values and bin edges.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`values`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Step heights or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`edges`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Bin-edge values or a column name.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`where`	`str`	Position of each step transition.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Line color.
`width`	`float`	Line width in pixels.
`opacity`	`float`	Line opacity from zero to one.
`dash`	`Union[str, Sequence[float], None]`	Optional line dash pattern.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.stem

A stem plot with optional point markers.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	X values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`y`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Y values or a column name resolved from ``data``.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`base`	`Union[str, Scalar, ArrayLike]`	Baseline value, values, or a column name.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Optional[str]`	Stem and marker color.
`width`	`float`	Stem width in pixels.
`opacity`	`float`	Mark opacity from zero to one.
`marker`	`bool`	Whether to draw a marker at each stem endpoint.
`marker_size`	`float`	Marker size in pixels.
`symbol`	`str`	Marker symbol name.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.segments

Independent line segments rendered as one instanced mark.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x0`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Starting x coordinates or a column name.
`y0`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Starting y coordinates or a column name.
`x1`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Ending x coordinates or a column name.
`y1`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Ending y coordinates or a column name.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`color`	`Union[str, ColorLike, ArrayLike, None]`	Constant color, values, or a column name.
`colormap`	`str`	Colormap used for continuous color values.
`domain`	`Optional[tuple[float, float]]`	Explicit minimum and maximum for continuous colors.
`width`	`Any`	Segment width in pixels.
`opacity`	`Any`	Segment opacity from zero to one.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

xy.triangle_mesh

Filled triangle mesh with constant or per-triangle color values.

Props

Prop	Type	Description
`x0`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	First-vertex x coordinates or a column name.
`y0`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	First-vertex y coordinates or a column name.
`x1`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Second-vertex x coordinates or a column name.
`y1`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Second-vertex y coordinates or a column name.
`x2`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Third-vertex x coordinates or a column name.
`y2`	`Union[str, ArrayLike, None]`	Third-vertex y coordinates or a column name.
`data`	`TableLike`	Table used to resolve column-name inputs.
`color`	`Union[str, ColorLike, ArrayLike, None]`	Constant color, values, or a column name.
`colormap`	`str`	Colormap used for continuous color values.
`domain`	`Optional[tuple[float, float]]`	Explicit minimum and maximum for continuous colors.
`name`	`Optional[str]`	Series label used by legends and tooltips.
`opacity`	`Any`	Triangle opacity from zero to one.
`stroke`	`Any`	Optional triangle outline color.
`stroke_width`	`Any`	Triangle outline width in pixels.
`style`	`Optional[dict[str, StyleValue]]`	Mark style overrides.
`class_name`	`Optional[str]`	Adapter-only trace metadata; it does not style canvas geometry.
`x_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the x axis used by this mark.
`y_axis`	`str`	Identifier of the y axis used by this mark.

FAQ

How do I combine multiple marks in one chart in Python?

Pass several mark factories as children of one chart container, e.g. xy.line_chart(xy.area(...), xy.line(...), xy.scatter(...)). Give each mark a name= for the legend, and pass data= once on the chart to share a table across marks (a mark-level data= overrides it).

How do I control which mark draws on top of another?

Marks render in declaration order: later children paint over earlier ones. Put broad fills such as xy.area() first and overlays such as xy.line() or xy.scatter() after them.

How do I style each series differently in one chart?

Every mark takes its own paint options — for example xy.line(..., color=...) or a style= dict of CSS declarations compiled for WebGL, SVG, and native raster output. CSS selectors, Tailwind classes, and class_name= cannot paint canvas or WebGL geometry, so per-series styling always goes through the mark itself.

Can I plot a mark against a second y-axis?

Yes — bind the mark with y_axis="y2" (or x_axis= for x) and add a matching xy.y_axis(id="y2", side="right") component to the chart. X-axis identifiers must start with x and y-axis identifiers with y, and every named binding needs a matching axis component.

Learn

Gallery

API Reference

Learning

Examples

Other

Marks in Python

Bind Arrays or Columns

Choose a Mark Family

Layer Marks in Declaration Order

Shared Mark Behavior

Compose a Multi-Mark Figure

Representation Does Not Change the Mark

API Reference

xy.line

Props

xy.scatter

Props

xy.area

Props

xy.bar

Props

xy.column

Props

xy.histogram

Props

xy.box

Props

xy.violin

Props

xy.ecdf

Props

xy.heatmap

Props

xy.hexbin

Props

xy.contour

Props

xy.errorbar

Props

xy.error_band

Props

xy.step

Props

xy.stairs

Props

xy.stem

Props

xy.segments

Props

xy.triangle_mesh

Props

FAQ

How do I combine multiple marks in one chart in Python?

How do I control which mark draws on top of another?

How do I style each series differently in one chart?

Can I plot a mark against a second y-axis?